Class 9 Social Science NCERT MCQs-India and the Contemporary world-1-Chapter 5-Pastoralists in the Modern World
NCERT MCQs of Class 9 Social Science (India and Contemporary world-1) Chapter No. 1 (Pastoralists in the Modern World)
1) Who are pastoralists?
(a) Farmers practicing settled agriculture
(b) People who rear animals and move in search of pastures
(c) Fishermen relying on aquatic resources
(d) Industrial workers
Answer: (b) People who rear animals and move in search of pastures
Explanation: Pastoralists are nomadic communities who depend on livestock and move to find fresh grazing areas.
2) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nomadic pastoralism?
(a) Permanent settlement in one place
(b) Seasonal movement for fresh pastures
(c) Exclusive dependence on crop farming
(d) Industrial employment
Answer: (b) Seasonal movement for fresh pastures
Explanation: Nomadic pastoralists move cyclically based on seasons to find fresh grazing lands for their livestock.
3) The Gujjars and Bakarwals are pastoral communities found in which region of India?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (b) Jammu and Kashmir
Explanation: The Gujjars and Bakarwals are nomadic pastoralists in Jammu and Kashmir, known for rearing sheep and goats.
4) Which animals are primarily reared by the Dhangars of Maharashtra?
(a) Sheep
(b) Cattle
(c) Camels
(d) Goats
Answer: (a) Sheep
Explanation: The Dhangars of Maharashtra are known for rearing sheep and producing wool.
5) The Raikas are a pastoral community found in which Indian state?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Gujarat
(c) Punjab
(d) Kerala
Answer: (a) Rajasthan
Explanation: The Raikas are a pastoral community in Rajasthan, known for camel and sheep rearing.
6) What is transhumance?
(a) Cultivation of crops
(b) Seasonal movement of pastoralists between fixed locations
(c) Permanent migration of communities
(d) Use of modern technology in farming
Answer: (b) Seasonal movement of pastoralists between fixed locations
Explanation: Transhumance refers to the regular seasonal movement of pastoralists and their livestock between summer and winter pastures.
7) Which colonial law restricted the access of pastoralists to forests in India?
(a) Forest Act of 1865
(b) Forest Act of 1878
(c) Forest Act of 1927
(d) Land Acquisition Act
Answer: (b) Forest Act of 1878
Explanation: The Forest Act of 1878 restricted traditional grazing rights by classifying forests as Reserved, Protected, and Village forests.
8 What was the primary aim of the British in introducing forest laws?
(a) Preserving wildlife
(b) Promoting tourism
(c) Maximizing revenue from timber production
(d) Protecting tribal communities
Answer: (c) Maximizing revenue from timber production
Explanation: The British introduced forest laws to exploit timber for railways and other commercial purposes.
9) Which pastoral group is associated with camel herding in Rajasthan?
(a) Dhangars
(b) Raikas
(c) Gaddis
(d) Gujjars
Answer: (b) Raikas
Explanation: The Raikas of Rajasthan are known for their expertise in camel herding.
10) What was the impact of colonial laws on pastoral communities?
(a) Improved access to forests
(b) Decline in traditional grazing areas
(c) Increase in crop production
(d) Establishment of new settlements
Answer: (b) Decline in traditional grazing areas
Explanation: Colonial laws restricted grazing rights, forcing pastoralists to abandon traditional practices and adapt to new challenges.
11) Why did the British impose grazing taxes on pastoralists?
(a) To encourage modern farming
(b) To generate revenue for the colonial government
(c) To promote afforestation
(d) To improve the condition of pastoralists
Answer: (b) To generate revenue for the colonial government
Explanation: Grazing taxes were imposed to increase colonial revenue and regulate pastoral activities.
12) Which pastoral community in Himachal Pradesh practices transhumance?
(a) Gaddis
(b) Gujjars
(c) Dhangars
(d) Raikas
Answer: (a) Gaddis
Explanation: The Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh move between summer and winter pastures, practicing transhumance.
13) What was the purpose of the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871?
(a) To provide land to pastoralists
(b) To label certain communities as criminal by nature
(c) To encourage tribal education
(d) To conserve forest resources
Answer: (b) To label certain communities as criminal by nature
Explanation: The Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 unfairly classified some communities, including pastoralists, as criminal, restricting their movement and livelihoods.
14) What challenge did Indian pastoralists face due to partition in 1947?
(a) Loss of grazing lands across the border
(b) Lack of markets for their livestock
(c) Deforestation
(d) Urbanization
Answer: (a) Loss of grazing lands across the border
Explanation: Partition disrupted the movement of pastoralists, as grazing lands became inaccessible due to new political boundaries.
15) Which type of grazing land was open to pastoralists before colonial rule?
(a) Reserved forests
(b) Protected forests
(c) Common grazing lands
(d) Wildlife sanctuaries
Answer: (c) Common grazing lands
Explanation: Pastoralists traditionally relied on common grazing lands for their livestock before restrictions were imposed.
16) Which group of pastoralists is found in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand?
(a) Gujjars
(b) Gaddis
(c) Bhotiyas
(d) Dhangars
Answer: (c) Bhotiyas
Explanation: The Bhotiyas are pastoralists in Uttarakhand, moving between high-altitude summer pastures and lower-altitude winter grazing lands.
17) What effect did colonial enclosures have on pastoral communities?
(a) Increased grazing areas
(b) Restricted access to pastures and forests
(c) Encouraged modern livestock practices
(d) Provided subsidies to pastoralists
Answer: (b) Restricted access to pastures and forests
Explanation: Enclosures limited the grazing areas available to pastoralists, disrupting their traditional way of life.
18) Why was livestock important for nomadic pastoralists?
(a) It provided food, clothing, and trade opportunities
(b) It was used for constructing houses
(c) It served as religious symbols
(d) It was traded for industrial goods
Answer: (a) It provided food, clothing, and trade opportunities
Explanation: Livestock supported pastoralists by providing milk, wool, and other resources for sustenance and trade.
19) What was the main consequence of grazing tax for pastoralists?
(a) Increase in grazing lands
(b) Financial burden and migration to urban areas
(c) Promotion of industrialization
(d) Reduction in livestock farming
Answer: (b) Financial burden and migration to urban areas
Explanation: Grazing taxes imposed a financial burden, forcing some pastoralists to abandon their traditional livelihoods.
20) Which European colonial power introduced the Maasai Ordinances in Africa?
(a) British
(b) Dutch
(c) French
(d) Portuguese
Answer: (a) British
Explanation: The British introduced the Maasai Ordinances in Africa to control grazing lands and pastoral activities.
21) Which colonial policy displaced the Maasai pastoralists in Africa?
(a) The Maasai Land Act
(b) The Maasai Reserve System
(c) The Forest Conservation Act
(d) The Criminal Tribes Act
Answer: (b) The Maasai Reserve System
Explanation: The British created Maasai reserves, forcing pastoralists to relocate and reducing their grazing lands.
22) What was the primary purpose of the colonial grazing tax in Africa?
(a) Promote conservation of grasslands
(b) Control livestock numbers and generate revenue
(c) Encourage modern ranching practices
(d) Establish wildlife reserves
Answer: (b) Control livestock numbers and generate revenue
Explanation: The grazing tax limited livestock and served as a source of income for the colonial administration.
23) What did the term 'enclosure' refer to in the context of colonial pastoral policies?
(a) Reserved grazing lands for pastoralists
(b) Dividing and fencing land to restrict grazing
(c) Land redistribution to tribal communities
(d) Expansion of common grazing areas
Answer: (b) Dividing and fencing land to restrict grazing
Explanation: Enclosures involved fencing off lands, reducing grazing areas available to pastoralists.
24) How did the colonial government use reserved forests in India?
(a) For exclusive commercial timber production
(b) To allow free grazing for pastoralists
(c) For afforestation projects
(d) As common land for villages
Answer: (a) For exclusive commercial timber production
Explanation: Reserved forests were used for timber extraction, restricting grazing and other traditional uses.
25) What was one major reason for the decline of pastoralism under colonial rule?
(a) Technological advancements in farming
(b) Restrictions on grazing lands and forest use
(c) Decline in demand for livestock products
(d) Natural disasters
Answer: (b) Restrictions on grazing lands and forest use
Explanation: Colonial policies limiting access to grazing areas and forests forced many pastoralists to abandon their practices.
26) What impact did World Wars have on pastoralists in India and Africa?
(a) Expansion of grazing lands
(b) Increased demand for livestock and livestock products
(c) Complete ban on pastoralism
(d) Shift to industrial employment
Answer: (b) Increased demand for livestock and livestock products
Explanation: The wars created demand for wool, meat, and other livestock products, temporarily benefiting pastoralists.
27) Who are the Gollas?
(a) Pastoralists from Tamil Nadu
(b) Pastoralists from Rajasthan
(c) Pastoralists from Gujarat
(d) Pastoralists from Karnataka
Answer: (d) Pastoralists from Karnataka
Explanation: The Gollas are a pastoral community in Karnataka, primarily rearing cattle.
28) What were the Maasai traditionally known for?
(a) Hunting and gathering
(b) Camel rearing
(c) Cattle herding
(d) Industrial farming
Answer: (c) Cattle herding
Explanation: The Maasai were skilled cattle herders and depended on livestock for their livelihood.
29) What was the consequence of the Maasai Reserve System?
(a) Expansion of grazing lands
(b) Reduction of pastoral land and economic hardships
(c) Encouragement of crop farming
(d) Adoption of modern ranching methods
Answer: (b) Reduction of pastoral land and economic hardships
Explanation: The Maasai Reserve System reduced grazing areas, forcing Maasai pastoralists into poverty.
30) Which of the following was NOT a colonial measure that affected Indian pastoralists?
(a) Grazing tax
(b) Reserved forests
(c) Promotion of nomadic lifestyle
(d) Enclosure of grazing lands
Answer: (c) Promotion of nomadic lifestyle
Explanation: Colonial policies aimed to restrict and regulate the nomadic lifestyle of pastoralists rather than promote it.
31) What challenge did the pastoralists face after the imposition of colonial forest laws?
(a) Expansion of grazing areas
(b) Conflicts with settled agricultural communities
(c) Loss of access to grazing lands
(d) Encouragement of industrial employment
Answer: (c) Loss of access to grazing lands
Explanation: Forest laws restricted traditional grazing rights, forcing pastoralists to adapt or relocate.
32) Which crops did colonial governments encourage to replace grazing lands?
(a) Coffee and tea
(b) Cotton and indigo
(c) Wheat and rice
(d) Rubber and sugarcane
Answer: (a) Coffee and tea
Explanation: Plantations for crops like coffee and tea replaced large grazing areas under colonial policies.
33) What was a significant ecological impact of colonial forest policies?
(a) Deforestation and soil erosion
(b) Regeneration of native species
(c) Protection of biodiversity
(d) Expansion of common lands
Answer: (a) Deforestation and soil erosion
Explanation: Clearing forests for commercial use caused soil erosion and disrupted ecosystems.
34) Which group of pastoralists is known for sheep herding in Gujarat?
(a) Dhangars
(b) Maldharis
(c) Raikas
(d) Bhotiyas
Answer: (b) Maldharis
Explanation: The Maldharis of Gujarat are known for their sheep herding and traditional pastoral practices.
35) How did colonial policies affect women's roles in pastoral communities?
(a) Increased responsibilities due to men’s migration
(b) Reduced involvement in livestock management
(c) Greater access to forest resources
(d) Less dependency on livestock products
Answer: (a) Increased responsibilities due to men’s migration
Explanation: With men migrating for work, women took on additional responsibilities for managing livestock and households.
36) What does the term 'Criminal Tribes' imply in colonial context?
(a) Tribes known for revolutionary activities
(b) Tribes unfairly labeled as inherently criminal
(c) Tribes engaged in deforestation
(d) Tribes promoting communal harmony
Answer: (b) Tribes unfairly labeled as inherently criminal
Explanation: The British labeled some nomadic tribes as ‘criminal,’ restricting their movement and livelihoods.
37) What is a key feature of pastoralist economies?
(a) Reliance on industrial products
(b) Dependence on livestock for trade and sustenance
(c) Exclusive crop farming
(d) Urban employment
Answer: (b) Dependence on livestock for trade and sustenance
Explanation: Pastoralists rely heavily on livestock for milk, meat, wool, and trade.
38) What was a common justification for colonial grazing taxes?
(a) Protecting wildlife
(b) Controlling overgrazing
(c) Supporting tribal communities
(d) Expanding industrial agriculture
Answer: (b) Controlling overgrazing
Explanation: The colonial government claimed that grazing taxes were necessary to prevent overgrazing and maintain pastures.
39) What is the term for seasonal movement of pastoralists in search of pastures?
(a) Urban migration
(b) Transhumance
(c) Sedentary farming
(d) Plantation farming
Answer: (b) Transhumance
Explanation: Transhumance involves moving livestock between seasonal grazing grounds.
40) What was the main colonial strategy to regulate pastoralism in Africa?
(a) Encouraging industrial employment
(b) Imposing grazing reserves and movement restrictions
(c) Providing subsidies for cattle rearing
(d) Promoting plantation agriculture
Answer: (b) Imposing grazing reserves and movement restrictions
Explanation: Colonial authorities established reserves and restricted movement to control pastoralism in Africa.
41) What led to the decline of pastoralism in colonial Africa?
(a) Expansion of industrial cities
(b) Loss of grazing lands and imposition of taxes
(c) Technological advancements in livestock rearing
(d) Protection of pastoral rights
Answer: (b) Loss of grazing lands and imposition of taxes
Explanation: Colonial policies restricted access to grazing lands and imposed heavy taxes, making pastoralism unsustainable.
42) Which community in Kenya faced severe restrictions due to the colonial land policies?
(a) Zulu
(b) Maasai
(c) San
(d) Xhosa
Answer: (b) Maasai
Explanation: The Maasai faced significant displacement and restrictions due to the British colonial policies in Kenya.
43) How did the colonial government enforce grazing restrictions in forests?
(a) By creating Reserved and Protected forests
(b) By providing compensation to pastoralists
(c) By promoting settled agriculture
(d) By planting native species
Answer: (a) By creating Reserved and Protected forests
Explanation: Reserved and Protected forests were established to limit grazing and prioritize commercial forestry.
44) What is the significance of the term 'Bhabar' for pastoralists in India?
(a) It refers to high-altitude summer grazing lands
(b) It refers to the dry forested area in the foothills of the Himalayas
(c) It refers to a type of crop cultivated by pastoralists
(d) It refers to grazing lands in the Thar Desert
Answer: (b) It refers to the dry forested area in the foothills of the Himalayas
Explanation: The Bhabar zone was used by pastoralists as winter grazing grounds due to its dry vegetation.
45) What was one way pastoralists adapted to the loss of grazing lands?
(a) Transitioning to crop farming
(b) Migrating to urban areas permanently
(c) Abandoning livestock rearing entirely
(d) Reducing herd sizes and changing migration routes
Answer: (d) Reducing herd sizes and changing migration routes
Explanation: Many pastoralists adapted by managing smaller herds and altering their migration patterns.
46) Which of the following was NOT a consequence of colonial forest laws for Indian pastoralists?
(a) Loss of grazing rights
(b) Increased access to forest resources
(c) Financial burden due to grazing taxes
(d) Disruption of traditional migration routes
Answer: (b) Increased access to forest resources
Explanation: Forest laws restricted access to resources, reducing grazing areas and impacting livelihoods.
47) What is a primary feature of nomadic pastoralism?
(a) Permanent settlement in fertile regions
(b) Dependence on seasonal migration for grazing
(c) Exclusive focus on agriculture
(d) Industrial livestock farming
Answer: (b) Dependence on seasonal migration for grazing
Explanation: Nomadic pastoralists rely on seasonal migration to access fresh pastures for their livestock.
48) Which Indian pastoral group is associated with the Himalayan regions?
(a) Bhotiyas
(b) Raikas
(c) Dhangars
(d) Gollas
Answer: (a) Bhotiyas
Explanation: The Bhotiyas practice transhumance in the Himalayan regions, moving between high-altitude and low-altitude pastures.
49) Why did the colonial government favor the promotion of plantations over pastoral lands?
(a) To provide employment to tribals
(b) To increase revenue from cash crops like tea and coffee
(c) To preserve biodiversity
(d) To encourage livestock production
Answer: (b) To increase revenue from cash crops like tea and coffee
Explanation: Plantations generated higher revenue for the colonial administration compared to pastoral lands.
50) What was a common result of fencing off grazing lands in colonial territories?
(a) Expansion of forest areas
(b) Reduced availability of grazing areas for pastoralists
(c) Improved livestock health
(d) Introduction of advanced agricultural techniques
Answer: (b) Reduced availability of grazing areas for pastoralists
Explanation: Fencing off grazing lands for agriculture and plantations reduced access for pastoralists.
51) Which colonial measure significantly altered the movement of pastoralists?
(a) Introduction of grazing reserves
(b) Construction of railways
(c) Abolition of taxes
(d) Establishment of nomadic schools
Answer: (a) Introduction of grazing reserves
Explanation: Grazing reserves confined pastoralists to specific areas, restricting their movement.
52) How did the Maasai pastoralists resist colonial policies?
(a) They abandoned livestock herding entirely
(b) They engaged in armed rebellions and protests
(c) They migrated to other continents
(d) They joined colonial administrations
Answer: (b) They engaged in armed rebellions and protests
Explanation: The Maasai resisted through uprisings and protests against the colonial restrictions on their lands.
53) What impact did the partition of India in 1947 have on Indian pastoralists?
(a) Expansion of grazing areas
(b) Restricted access to pastures across the new borders
(c) Freedom to move without restrictions
(d) Increase in livestock trade
Answer: (b) Restricted access to pastures across the new borders
Explanation: Partition disrupted traditional migration routes, cutting pastoralists off from grazing lands in neighboring regions.
54) What does 'Reserved Grazing Land' refer to in colonial Africa?
(a) Areas set aside for exclusive use by tribal communities
(b) Lands reserved for colonial administrators
(c) Lands restricted for the use of certain groups
(d) Areas designated for timber production
Answer: (c) Lands restricted for the use of certain groups
Explanation: Reserved grazing lands limited access to pastures and often excluded traditional users like pastoralists.
55) Which Indian pastoral group is associated with cattle herding in Gujarat?
(a) Maldharis
(b) Gaddis
(c) Bhotiyas
(d) Gujjars
Answer: (a) Maldharis
Explanation: The Maldharis of Gujarat are known for their cattle herding and traditional grazing practices.
56) What was the significance of the Forest Act of 1878 for pastoralists?
(a) It provided them with better grazing rights
(b) It restricted access to forest resources and grazing areas
(c) It encouraged afforestation programs
(d) It banned timber extraction
Answer: (b) It restricted access to forest resources and grazing areas
Explanation: The Forest Act divided forests into Reserved, Protected, and Village forests, curtailing pastoral rights.
57) How did pastoralists contribute to local economies?
(a) By supplying industrial goods
(b) By trading livestock products like milk, meat, and wool
(c) By building infrastructure
(d) By engaging in plantation farming
Answer: (b) By trading livestock products like milk, meat, and wool
Explanation: Pastoralists were integral to local economies, providing essential livestock products through trade.
58) What did the Maasai pastoralists rely on for their livelihood?
(a) Agricultural surplus
(b) Cattle herding and livestock trade
(c) Industrial farming
(d) Urban jobs
Answer: (b) Cattle herding and livestock trade
Explanation: The Maasai primarily depended on cattle herding for food, trade, and cultural practices.
59) What was the colonial justification for imposing taxes on grazing lands?
(a) To regulate overgrazing and generate revenue
(b) To promote conservation of forests
(c) To encourage industrial development
(d) To reduce deforestation
Answer: (a) To regulate overgrazing and generate revenue
Explanation: Grazing taxes were introduced as a means to control livestock numbers and increase colonial revenue.
60) What does transhumance signify in the lives of pastoralists?
(a) Seasonal movement between fixed pastures
(b) Permanent migration to urban areas
(c) Settling in agricultural villages
(d) Abandoning livestock practices
Answer: (a) Seasonal movement between fixed pastures
Explanation: Transhumance is the regular seasonal movement of pastoralists and their livestock between summer and winter grazing areas.
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